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What do you know about renewable energy technologies?
Geothermal power is power generated by geothermal energy.
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It’s clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth’s surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.
Almost everywhere, the shallow ground or upper 10 feet of the Earth’s surface maintains a nearly constant temperature between 50° and 60°F (10° and 16°C). Geothermal heat pumps can tap into this resource to heat and cool buildings. A geothermal heat pump system consists of a heat pump, an air delivery system (duct work), and a heat exchange-a system of pipes buried in the shallow ground near the building. In the winter, the heat pump removes heat from the heat exchange and pumps it into the indoor air delivery system. In the summer, the process is reversed, and the heat pump moves heat from the indoor air into the heat exchange. The heat removed from the indoor air during the summer can also be used to provide a free source of hot water.
Geothermal power stations are similar to other steam turbine thermal power stations – heat from a fuel source (in geothermal’s case, the earth’s core) is used to heat water or another working fluid. The working fluid is then used to turn a turbine of a generator, thereby producing electricity. The fluid is then cooled and returned to the heat source.
Dry steam stations are the simplest and oldest design. They directly use geothermal steam of 150 °C or greater to turn turbines
Flash steam stations pull deep, high-pressure hot water into lower-pressure tanks and use the resulting flashed steam to drive turbines. They require fluid temperatures of at least 180 °C, usually more. This is the most common type of station in operation today. Flash Steam plants use geothermal reservoirs of water with temperatures greater than 360 °F (182). The hot water flows up through wells in the ground under its own pressure. As it flows upward, the pressure decreases and some of the hot water boils into steam. The steam is then separated from the water and used to power a turbine/generator. Any leftover water and condensed steam may be injected back into the reservoir, making this a potentially sustainable resources.
Geothermal energy has been used for many years in various parts of the world for cooking and heating. Since time immemorial, humankind has utilized the geothermal energy that flows freely from underground reservoirs to the Earth’s surface. For instance, geothermal water was used by the Romans to treat different kinds of diseases, and to heat the city of Pompeii. For more than 10,000 years, the indigenous North Americans used geothermal water for cooking, as well as for medicinal purposes. Geothermal springs have been used for washing and bathing in Iceland. Modern uses of geothermal energy includes heating and cooling of buildings. This is achieved through the use of geothermal pumps that make use of shallow resources. Geothermal energy is also used to directly heat structures.
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power
https://www.reference.com/science/geothermal-energy-important-261b3076bbf40e6b
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But what is Biomass?
In ecology, it is the amount of living matter in a given habitat, expressed. either as the weight of organisms per unit area or as the volume of organisms per unit volume of habitat.
In energy, it is a organic matter, especially plant matter, that can be converted to fuel and is therefore regarded as a potential energy source.
As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of Bio fuel. Conversion of biomass to bio fuel can be achieved by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical, and biochemical methods.
Biomass is all biologically-produced matter based in carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
It is derived from sources such as sugarcane and corn starch. Sugars present in this biomass are fermented to produce bio ethanol, an alcohol fuel which can be used directly in a fuel cell to produce electricity or serve as an additive to gasoline. However, utilizing food-based resources for fuel production only aggravates the food shortage problem.
Plant energy is produced by crops specifically grown for use as fuel that offer high biomass output per hectare with low input energy. Plant biomass can also be degraded from cellulose to glucose through a series of chemical treatments, and the resulting sugar can then be used as a first-generation biofuel.
Utilize non-food-based biomass sources such as agriculture and municipal waste. These bio fuels mostly consist of lignocellulosic biomass, which is not edible and is a low-value waste for many industries. Despite being the favored alternative, economical production of second-generation bio fuel is not yet achieved due to technological issues. These issues arise mainly due to chemical inertness and structural rigidity of lignocellulosic biomass.
Wood energy is derived by using lignocellulosic biomass (second-generation biofuels) as fuel. Harvested wood may be used directly as a fuel or collected from wood waste streams.
Sources:
http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?_pageid=76,15049&_dad=portal http://www.dictionary.com/browse/biomass
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass
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Its a form of energy … a renewable resource.
Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water, winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity.
Hydro power is using water to power machinery or make electricity. Water constantly moves through a vast global cycle, evaporating from lakes and oceans, forming clouds, precipitating as rain or snow, then flowing back down to the ocean. The energy of this water cycle, which is driven by the sun, can be tapped to produce electricity or for mechanical tasks like grinding grain. Hydro power uses a fuel—water—that is not reduced or used up in the process. Because the water cycle is an endless, constantly recharging system, hydro power is considered a renewable energy.
When flowing water is captured and turned into electricity, it is called hydroelectric power or hydro power. There are several types of hydroelectric facilities; they are all powered by the kinetic energy of flowing water as it moves downstream. Turbines and generators convert the energy into electricity, which is then fed into the electrical grid to be used in homes, businesses, and by industry. To see a close up view of how the generator of a water turbine works
IMPOUNDMENT
The most common type of hydroelectric power plant is an impoundment facility. An impoundment facility, typically a large hydro power system, uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. The water may be released either to meet changing electricity needs or to maintain a constant reservoir level.
A diversion, sometimes called run-of-river, facility channels a portion of a river through a canal or pen stock. It may not require the use of a dam.
Another type of hydro power called pumped storage works like a battery, storing the electricity generated by other power sources like solar, wind, and nuclear for later use. It stores energy by pumping water uphill to a reservoir at higher elevation from a second reservoir at a lower elevation. When the demand for electricity is low, a pumped storage facility stores energy by pumping water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. During periods of high electrical demand, the water is released back to the lower reservoir and turns a turbine, generating electricity.
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Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920’s, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of power plants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydro power is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability to respond quickly to rapidly varying loads or system disturbances, which base load plants with steam systems powered by combustion or nuclear processes cannot accommodate.
Sources:
https://www.usbr.gov/power/edu/pamphlet.pdf http://energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-plants
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Wind turbine is a device that converts the wind’s kinetic energy into electrical power.
Wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of vertical and horizontal axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or caravans or to power traffic warning signs. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used by many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
Wind is a form of solar energy and is a result of the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth’s surface, and the rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns and speeds vary greatly across the United States and are modified by bodies of water, vegetation, and differences in terrain. Humans use this wind flow, or motion energy, for many purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and even generating electricity. The terms wind energy or wind power describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity.
A wind turbines typically either have two or three blades. These three-bladed wind turbines are operated “upwind,” with the blades facing into the wind.
Like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor
Wind energy is important because it holds immense potential in supplying electricity across the world. Unlike other sources of electricity that require fuel in processing plants, wind energy generates electricity through wind, which is free. Wind is considered a native fuel that does not need to be transported or mined, eliminating two costly expenses from long-term energy expenses.
The costs of mining and transporting fossil fuels and nuclear power are highly variable, and the cost of electricity from these sources often fluctuates. Many experts consider wind power a viable alternative to buffer these costs because wind is fixed and free. The use of wind-generated electricity promotes cost-effective and renewable production of energy. Moreover, it reduces dependence on fossil fuel.
The benefits of wind energy are numerous. Wind energy is home grown, and local landowners and small businesses can operate single turbines or clusters of turbines. It doesn’t emit contaminants into lakes and streams, and it doesn’t produce hazardous airborne pollutants. Wind energy doesn’t cause acid rain or contribute to global climate change. Most other sources of power, including natural gas and coal, produce greenhouse gases, whereas wind energy produces none. Wind energy has a minimal impact on crop production and livestock grazing as well, because wind farms cover only small areas of land.
Sources: https:// en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine
http:// energy.gov/ eere/wind/how-do-wind-turbines-work
http://www.reference.com/science/wind-energy-important- ecd21e3aed1785e0#full-answer
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It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the distributed solar energy that is converted into solar power;
Active solar techniques include the use of photo voltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy.
Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light-dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity.
Solar thermal collector collects heat by absorbing sunlight. A collector is a device for capturing solar radiation. Solar radiation is energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation from the infrared (long) to the ultraviolet (short) wavelengths. The quantity of solar energy striking the Earth’s surface (solar constant) averages about 1,000 watts per square meter under clear skies, depending upon weather conditions, location and orientation.
The term “solar collector” commonly refers to solar hot water panels, but may refer to installations such as solar parabolic troughs and solar towers; or basic installations such as solar air heaters. Concentrated solar power plants usually use the more complex collectors to generate electricity by heating a fluid to drive a turbine connected to an electrical generator. Simple collectors are typically used in residential and commercial buildings for space heating.
Photovoltaics (PV) covers the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photo voltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry.
A typical photovoltaic system employs solar panels, each comprising a number of solar cells, which generate electrical power. The first step is the photoelectric effect followed by an electrochemical process where crystallized atoms, ionized in a series, generate an electric current. PV Installations may be ground-mounted, rooftop mounted or wall mounted.
Solar PV generates no pollution. The direct conversion of sunlight to electricity occurs without any moving parts. Photo voltaic systems have been used for fifty years in specialized applications, standalone and grid-connected PV systems have been in use for more than twenty years. They were first mass-produced in 2000, when German environmentalists and the Euro solar organization got government funding for a ten thousand roof program.
that, in the national grid for example, this power has to be made up by other power sources: hydrocarbon, nuclear, hydroelectric or wind energy.
Advances in technology and increased manufacturing scale have reduced the cost, increased the reliability, and increased the efficiency of photo voltaic installations and the levelised cost of electricity from PV is competitive, on a kilowatt/ hour basis, with conventional electricity sources in an expanding list of geographic regions.
With current technology (as of 2013), photo voltaics recoups the energy needed to manufacture them in 1.5 years in Southern Europe and 2.5 years in Northern Europe.
Germany remains the world’s largest producer (both in per capital and absolute terms), with solar PV providing seven percent of annual domestic electricity consumption.
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics
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Any energy resource that is naturally regenerated over a short time scale and derived directly from the sun such as thermal, photo chemical, and photoelectric, indirectly from the sun such as wind, hydro power, and photosynthetic energy stored in biomass, or from other natural movements and mechanisms of the environment such as geothermal and tidal energy.
Renewable energy does not include energy resources derived from fossil fuels, waste products from fossil sources, or waste products from inorganic sources.
Source: http://www.treia.org/renewable-energy-defined/
Our world currently relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. In contrast, renewable energy resources—such as wind and solar energy—are constantly replenished and will never run out.
That’s the good thing about Renewable Energy resources!
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Renewable Energy Technologies– A WordPress Website wherein it tackles everything about the importance of Renewable Energy.
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Renewable Energy Technologies 